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Nicot defines the clarion as a treble instrument, which is paired with trumpets playing the tenor and bass. In his French dictionary, Jean Nicot wrote that the clarion is used among the Moors and the Portuguese (who adopted the Moors' custom). In France, historical records include phrases like "à son de trompes et de clarons", for instance. The presence of these terms in concert with each other throughout such passages gave rise to a consensus that there must be a clarion trumpet which is distinct in construction from a standard trumpet.
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The various iterations of "clarion" occur alongside the idiomatic usage of "trumpet" in the literature and historical records of several countries. In Germany, the usage was "clareta", and by the middle of the 16th century, "clarin". Italians used "chiarina", "chiarino", and "claretto", and by 1600, they began to use "clarino" or "chlarino", which became a standard, albeit widely misunderstood, term. In Spain, the terminology became "clarín" and "clarón". English variants were "claro", "clario", "clarone", "clarasius", "clarioune", "claryon" and "clarion". Clairon become the most commonly used version. In France, the usage evolved into words like "clairin", "clarin", "clerain", "clerin", "clairon", "claroncel", and "claronchiel". It is not clear whether they are meant to refer to an actual instrument or simply the high register of the trumpet. The meaning of these variations was not standard. Throughout Europe, an eclectic set of variations on clarion came into use. "Clarion" derives from three Latin words: the noun clario (trumpet), the adjective clarus (bright or clear), and the verb claro (to make clear).